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ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Sample Questions (Q77-Q82):

NEW QUESTION # 77
Which of the following ISA-99 (IEC 62443) Reference Model levels is named correctly?

A. Level 3: Operations Management
B. Level 4: Process
C. Level 1: Supervisory Control
D. Level 2: Quality Control

Answer: A

Explanation:
According to ISA/IEC 62443-1-1:2007 (Terminology, Concepts, and Models), the functional levels of the Industrial Automation and Control System (IACS) are derived from the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA). These levels are defined as follows:
Level
Function
Description
Level 0
Process
The actual physical process, including sensors and actuators.
Level 1
Basic Control
Devices responsible for direct control, such as PLCs and RTUs.
Level 2
Area Supervisory Control
Supervisory systems such as HMIs and SCADA, responsible for monitoring/control.
Level 3
Site Manufacturing Operations Management
Operations management systems such as MES, production scheduling, and workflow.
Level 4
Business Planning and Logistics
Enterprise-level systems such as ERP, supply chain, and logistics.
Analysis of Each Option:
Option A: Level 1: Supervisory Control
Incorrect. Level 1 is defined as Basic Control, not Supervisory Control. Supervisory functions appear at Level
2.
Option B: Level 2: Quality Control
Incorrect. Level 2 is defined as Area Supervisory Control, not Quality Control.
Option C: Level 3: Operations Management
Correct. Level 3 is specifically identified as Operations Management, which includes manufacturing execution and scheduling functions.
Option D: Level 4: Process
Incorrect. Level 4 corresponds to Business Planning and Logistics. The Process is represented at Level 0.
References:
ISA/IEC 62443-1-1:2007, Section 6.2 - "Industrial automation and control system levels" ISA/IEC 62443-3-3 - Security for industrial automation and control systems: System security requirements and security levels ISA Training Materials - ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist

NEW QUESTION # 78
Which U.S. Department is responsible for the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS)?

A. Department of Energy
B. Department of Homeland Security
C. Transportation Security Administration
D. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Answer: B

Explanation:
The Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) are managed and enforced by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), specifically through the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA).
"CFATS is a DHS regulatory program focused on security at high-risk chemical facilities to prevent terrorist exploitation of chemicals of interest."
- Department of Homeland Security, CFATS Program Overview
These standards require facilities to perform vulnerability assessments and implement site security plans, aligning with principles from frameworks like ISA/IEC 62443.
References:
DHS - CFATS Program Summary
ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 - Alignment with U.S. regulatory programs

NEW QUESTION # 79
Which statement is TRUE regarding Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

A. They are very inexpensive to design and deploy.
B. Modern IDS recognize IACS devices by default.
C. They are effective against known vulnerabilities.
D. They require a small amount of care and feeding

Answer: C

Explanation:
Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are tools that monitor network traffic and detect suspicious or malicious activity based on predefined rules or signatures. They are effective against known vulnerabilities, as they can alert the system administrators or security personnel when they encounter a match with a known attack pattern or behavior. However, IDS have some limitations and challenges, especially when applied to industrial automation and control systems (IACS). Some of these are:
* Modern IDS do not recognize IACS devices by default, as they are designed for general-purpose IT networks and protocols. Therefore, they may generate false positives or negatives when dealing with IACS-specific devices, protocols, or traffic patterns. To overcome this, IDS need to be customized or adapted to the IACS environment and context, which may require additional expertise and resources.
* They are not very inexpensive to design and deploy, as they require careful planning, configuration, testing, and maintenance. They also need to be integrated with other security tools and processes, such as firewalls, antivirus, patch management, incident response, etc. Moreover, they may introduce additional costs and risks, such as network performance degradation, data privacy issues, or legal liabilities.
* They are not effective against unknown or zero-day vulnerabilities, as they rely on predefined rules or signatures that may not cover all possible attack scenarios or techniques. Therefore, they may fail to detect novel or sophisticated attacks that exploit new or undiscovered vulnerabilities. To mitigate this, IDS need to be complemented with other security measures, such as anomaly detection, threat intelligence, or machine learning.
* They require a significant amount of care and feeding, as they need to be constantly updated, tuned, and monitored. They also generate a large amount of data and alerts, which may overwhelm the system administrators or security personnel. Therefore, they need to be supported by adequate tools and processes, such as data analysis, alert filtering, prioritization, correlation, or visualization.
References: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010 - Establishing an industrial automation and control system security program, ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - System security requirements and security levels, ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Training Course, [Enhancing Modbus/TCP-Based Industrial Automation and Control Systems Security Using Intrusion Detection Systems]

NEW QUESTION # 80
If an industrial control system experiences frequent unexpected shutdowns causing downtime, which SP Element activities should be reviewed to improve system availability?

A. SP Element 7 - Logging and event reporting
B. SP Element 1 - Supply chain security
C. SP Element 2 - Change control
D. SP Element 8 - Backup restoration

Answer: D

Explanation:
Frequent unexpected shutdowns relate directly to system availability and recoverability. According to ISA
/IEC 62443-2-1, SP Element 8 focuses on:
Backup procedures
Restoration processes
Business continuity in response to disruptions
"SP Element 8 addresses recovery and continuity controls such as backups, restoration testing, and fallback procedures that ensure timely recovery from outages or system failures."
- ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010, Clause 4.3.4 - SP Element 8
While SP Element 2 and 7 are also important, Element 8 is most directly relevant for ensuring rapid restoration of service after unexpected shutdowns.
References:
ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010 - SP Element 8
ISA/IEC 62443-1-1 - System availability principles

NEW QUESTION # 81
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for deploying a WAN?

A. Carrier-managed WANs
B. Local area networks
C. Internet
D. Enterprise WANs

Answer: B

Explanation:
A Local Area Network (LAN) is not a strategy for deploying a Wide Area Network (WAN). WAN deployment strategies include using the public Internet, private enterprise WANs, or carrier-managed WANs.
LANs, by definition, serve local, not wide-area, connectivity. ISA/IEC 62443 standards refer to different strategies for extending network communications over broader geographic regions, but do not classify LAN as a WAN deployment option.
Reference: ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013, Section 4.2.3.4 ("Communications network technologies"); Glossary definitions for LAN and WAN.

NEW QUESTION # 82
......

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